The starter is a four-pole, four-brushless DC electric motor with excitation from permanent magnets, combined with a planetary gearbox and an electromagnetic two-winding traction relay. The covers and the stator housing are tightened with two bolts
Permanent magnets are fixed in the stator housing. Rotation from the armature shaft of the electric motor is transmitted to the drive shaft through a planetary gearbox. A freewheel roller clutch is mounted on the drive shaft.
When turning the key in the ignition switch (lock) to the "START" position, the battery voltage is applied to the retracting and holding windings of the traction relay, as a result, the drive lever moves, and the starter gear engages with the gear ring of the engine flywheel.
At the same time, the anchor of the traction relay closes the power contacts (at this moment the retracting winding turns off), the starter motor is supplied with voltage from the battery
The starter armature turns the crankshaft of the engine through the planetary gearbox.
After starting the engine, when the gear speed exceeds the speed of the starter shaft, the freewheel clutch will unlock and begin to slip, thereby protecting the starter from high speed and damage.
Vehicle starter design and malfunctions
Possible starter malfunctions and remedies
When the starter is turned on, the anchor does not rotate, the traction relay does not work
- the battery is defective or discharged
Charge or replace the battery
- battery terminals are strongly oxidized and the tips are loosely tightened
Clean the terminals and wire tips and lubricate with vaseline
- inter-turn closure in the retracting winding of the traction relay, its closure to the ground or breakage
Replace the traction relay
- breakage in the power supply circuit of the traction starter relay
Check the wires and their connections in the circuit between the "50" plugs of the starter and the ignition switch
- the contact part of the ignition switch is faulty
Replace the contact part of the ignition switch
- jamming of the anchor of the traction relay
Remove the traction relay, check the ease of moving the armature
- burning of the collector, hanging of brushes or their wear
Clean the collector, replace the brushes
When the starter is turned on, the anchor does not rotate or rotates too slowly, the traction relay is triggered
- the battery is defective or discharged
Charge or replace the battery
- battery terminals are strongly oxidized and the tips are loosely tightened
Clean the terminals and wire tips and lubricate with vaseline
- the attachment of the tips of the wire connecting the power unit to the body is loosened
Tighten the wire tip fasteners
- the contact bolts of the traction relay are oxidized or the nuts of fixing the wire tips on the contact bolts are loosened
Clean the contact bolts, tighten the wire nuts
- burning of the collector, hanging of brushes or their wear
Replace the collector, replace the brushes
- open or short circuit in the rotor winding
Replace the rotor
When the starter is turned on, the traction relay repeatedly triggers and turns off
- the battery is discharged
Charge the battery
- breakage or short circuit in the holding winding of the traction relay
Replace the traction relay
- significant voltage drop in the traction relay supply circuit due to strong oxidation of the wire tips
Check the wires and their connections in the circuit from the battery to the "50" plug of the starter
When the starter is turned on, the armature rotates, the flywheel does not rotate
- slip of the freewheel clutch
Replace the coupling
- the drive gear does not engage with the gear ring of the flywheel (noise is heard, wear of the flywheel teeth has appeared)
Replace the drive or flywheel
Starter noise during armature rotation
- excessive wear of bearings (armature shaft bushings)
Replace the bearings or starter covers
- the starter mount is loose or its cover on the drive side is broken
Tighten the mounting nuts or replace the starter cover on the drive side
- the teeth of the drive gear or the crown of the flywheel are damaged
Replace the drive or flywheel
The gear does not disengage from the flywheel
- clutch jamming on the drive shaft slots
Clean the slots and lubricate them with engine oil
- jamming of the anchor of the traction relay
Replace the traction relay or eliminate jamming
Removing and installing the starter
The starter is mounted on the cylinder block on the rear side of the power unit
We prepare the car and install it on a lift or an observation ditch
Removing the protection of the engine crankcase
Disconnect the negative battery terminal
Disconnect the block of the control wire of the traction relay
We open the plastic cap
Unscrew the nut of the power wire attachment and remove the wire from the contact bolt of the traction relay
Loosen the tightening of the starter mounting bolts
Removing the starter
We remove the starter from the cylinder block and lower it down
Removing the seal
Installing the starter and all the parts in reverse order